Material and Energy Balances
Video Lectures
Displaying all 155 video lectures.
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Unit Conversions (Practice) Three examples on approaching unit conversions using a single dimensional equation. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Systems of Units Overview of base units in SI/CGS/American Engineering. Summarizes use of multiples and derived units. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Force & Weight (Units & Conversions) Overview of SI and American Engineering units used for force. Describes use of gravitational constant as conversion factor and difference between force and weight. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Significant Figures The rules for significant figures are presented. Examples are given of how to add, subtract, multiply, and divide numbers so that the answer has the correct number of significant figures. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Solving Set of Linear Equations Explains how to solve multiple equations simultaneously. Shows an example of how to solve a system of equations with three unknowns. |
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Changing Units in an Equation Demonstrates how to convert the Arrhenius equation from SI to English units. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Dimensions of Differential Equations Determine the units of constants in a dimensionally homogeneous equation.Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Dimensional Homogeneity Introduces the concept of dimensional homogeneity and dimensionless numbers. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Dimensionless Groups (Reynolds Number Example) Example of unit conversion for a dimensionless group by showing the Reynolds number, a number describing how a fluid flows through a pipe. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Linearization of Non-Linear Equations Examples of how you can linearize non-linear equations into the form y=mx + b so that plotted data can help you determine the parameters a & b. |
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Linearization Example (Cell Growth) (BIO) An example describing how you can determine cell growth kinetics given two data points during their exponential growth phase. Simplified example demonstrating linearization practice. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Linearize/Plot Non-Linear Equations (Excel) Demonstrates how to linearize and plot non-linear equations using Excel 2010. |
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Specific Gravity of a Mixture Determine the composition given the specific gravity of two components and the mixture. |
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Density, Mass Flow, and Volumetric Flow A description on the relationship between density, mass flow rate and volumetric flow rate. An example conceptual problem is discussed. |
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Average Molecular Weight Derivation Derives average molecular weight given mass or molar compositions. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Average Molecular Weight Calculation Calculates average molecular weight using a mass basis and a molar basis. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Mass and Mole Fractions (Conversions) An overview on how to change molar fractions to mass fractions and vice-versa. |
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Molar Conversions Shows how to convert quickly between mol, g-mol, lb-mol, kg-mol, and k-mol. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Determining Concentrations of Streams (ppm) A wastewater stream needs treatment. Determine the amount of acid needed to neutralize a base. |
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Using Average Molecular Weight to Simplify a Material Balance Determines the molar flow rate of a gas mixture using the average molecular weight. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Introduction to Pressure Defines the different types of pressure. Uses head pressure to solve an example problem. |
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Manometers An overview on manometers and how they are used to determine force differentials. |
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Acceleration Due to Pressure Calculates acceleration using a force balance and gauge pressure. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Force Balance on Inclined Manometer Determines the relationship between pressure change and manometer reading for an inclined manometer. |
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General Balance for Material Balances A general mass balance is presented and simplifications of the balance are shown for different processes. |
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General Mass Balance on Single Tank Introduction to processes and the general material balance. A short example on a tank with inlet and outlet flow. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Degree of Freedom Analysis on a Single Unit A degree of freedom analysis is done on a single process unit to determine whether the unknowns can be solved for given the information presented. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Introduction to Degrees of Freedom Explains how to calculate degrees of freedom and performs two examples on single unit processes. Made by faculty at Lafayette College and produced by the University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering. |
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Material Balance Problem Approach Presents a general approach for solving simple material balances. Includes an example of independent versus dependent equations. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Performing a Material Balance on a Single Unit Performs a mass balance on a distillation column using degree of freedom analysis. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Average Molecular Weight of Mixed Stream Air and methane are being diluted to create non-flammable mixture. Determine amount of air needed to dilute stream given starting composition. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Flowchart Example Example of how to create a flowchart. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Liquid-Liquid Extraction Material Balance Briefly explains liquid-liquid extraction and performs the mass balances to calculate the mass flow rate of organic needed to obtain a certain separation. Made by faculty at Lafayette College and produced by the University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering. |
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Material Balance over a Crystallizer (Solubility) Given solubility plot, determine degrees of superheat of incoming stream and compositions of streams entering and exiting a crystallizer. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Material Balances for a Mixing Process Determine instrument settings to control material balances in a mixing process. |
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Scaling a Material Balance Describes how to obtain and use a scaling factor. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Water Vapor Adsorber Material Balance Given an inlet water-air stream and amount adsorbed from the air, determine flow rates and composition of water. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Analysis of a Split Point Analyzes a splitting point and explains why modeling this type of system is different from other types of systems. Made by faculty at Lafayette College and the University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering. |
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Degree of Freedom Analysis on Multiple Unit Process Uses the degree of freedom analysis to analyze a process and determine whether it can be defined. |
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Multiple Unit Material Balance: Degree of Freedom Analysis Demonstrates using degree of freedom analysis on a multiple unit process to solve for unknown stream parameters. |
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Solving Material Balances on Multiple Units Example of setting up material balances on a multiple unit process involving a liquid-liquid extraction unit and a distillation column. Made by faculty at Lafayette College and produced by the University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering. |
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Crystallizer Material Balance with Recycle Performs material balances on multiple units to solve for unknowns. Focuses on crystallizer balance where a slurry is part solid and part liquid. |
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Designing a Flowchart Explains how to take a problem description and build a flowchart from it. |
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Multiple Unit Material Balance - Decaf Coffee Performs multiple unit balances to solve for unknown stream rates and compositions. |
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Reactor with Recycle Solves material balances over a process involving a combustion reactor and a recycle loop. |
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Equilibrium Solves for equilibrium compositions using extent of reaction. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Reaction Yield and Selectivity Solves for yield and selectivity using extent of reaction. |
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Stoichiometry Reviews stoichiometry and limiting reactants. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Chemical Equilibrium: Effect of an Inert Examine how adding an inert changes the equilibrium conversion of a gas-phase reaction for both isothermal and adiabatic cases. Made by faculty at the University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering. |
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Gas Phase Chemical Equilibrium Determine the equilibrium conversion of a gas phase reaction with and without the presence of an inert. Made by faculty at the University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Single Reaction With Recycle Determines production rates and purge stream conditions for a single reaction with recycle and purge. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Two Reactions (Extent of Reaction Method) Example with two reactions, one desired and one undesired, occurring in a reactor. Calculates reactant conversion, yield, selectivity, and percent excess. Made by faculty at the University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Fractional Conversion (Interactive) Multiple choice question: Examine how fractional conversion relates between species in a reaction.Annotations must be turned on to properly use this interactive screencast. Made by faculty at the University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering. |
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Limiting Reagent (Interactive) Multiple choice question: Determine amount of product formed based on conversion of limiting reactant.Annotations must be turned on to use interactive screencasts. Made by faculty at the University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering. |
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Reaction Stoichiometry (Interactive) Interactive screencast: Determine the amount of a product formed based on reactant information. Annotations must be turned on to properly view this video. Links do not work if you are using your smart phone. Made by faculty at the University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering. |
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Three Methods for Reactive MEB Problems An overview of molecular and atomic species balances and the extent of reaction method for solving reactive material balances. |
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Atomic Species Balances Uses atomic species balances to solve a material balance. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Extent of Reaction for Material Balances An overview of how to use the extent of reaction in a material balance involving multiple reactions. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Molecular Species Balances Performs a molecular species balance for a single reactor. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Two Reactions in a Two-Phase Reactor Based on outlet compositions, determine the flow rates and the selectivity for a two reaction system. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Percent Excess Air Calculates the percent excess air needed to produce rust from iron. |
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Wet to Dry Basis Discusses the difference between wet and dry basis analysis. Shows how to convert from a wet basis to a dry basis. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Dry to Wet Basis Converts a dry stack gas to a wet basis given the mole fraction of water in the product gas. Made by faculty at the University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering. |
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Critical Properties of a Fluid (T and P) An introduction to the critical temperature and pressure of a species and how it will relate to using equations of state. |
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Ideal Gas Law - Lung Example (BIO) A brief overview of the ideal gas law and an example demonstrating its use in determining the pressure change in the lungs. |
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Standard Temperature and Pressure - Ideal Gas Law Overview of standard conditions (temperature and pressure) and its use with the ideal gas law. |
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Ideal Gas Mixture Characterization Determine partial pressures in an ideal gas mixture and physical properties about the mixture. |
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Ideal Gas Mixtures Example Example problem looking at potential hazards caused by an acetone spill in a lab, specifically explosive and inhalation hazards. |
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Ideal Gases Example Biofermentation (BIO) Use material balances and the ideal gas law to determine the oxygen uptake rate for cells in a bioreactor. |
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SRK Equation of State Example An example problem determining pressure of a gas tank using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equation of state and comparing it to the ideal gas equation of state. |
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Compressibility Factor (Z-Factor) Equation of State An example problem where the pressure inside a bottle of CO2 is calculated using the compressibility factor equation of state. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Pressure-Volume Diagram Explains a single-component pressure-volume phase diagram. Made by faculty at the University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering. |
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Heat of Vaporization: Clausius-Clapeyron Estimate the heat of vaporization using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Heat of Vaporization: Antoine's Equation Uses Antoine's equation, which relates saturation pressure to temperature, to determine the heat of vaporization using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Gibbs Phase Rule Explains the Gibbs phase rule and applies it to a binary system that has vapor and partially miscible liquids. 3Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Relative and Absolute Humidity Overview of relative and absolute humidity and how to calculate the amount of water in the vapor phase. |
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Single Condensable Species Balance (Raoult's Law) Demonstrates the use of Raoult's law on a single condensable species in vapor liquid equilibrium. |
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Air/Water Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Discusses how vapor-liquid equilibrium changes in an air/water system when some of the air is removed. |
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Condense Water Vapor from Air Plots partial pressure versus temperature as the temperature of 50% relative humidity air is lowered. |
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Raoult's Law (Water as Condensable Component) Uses Raoult's law to determine molar fraction of water in a vapor stream that is removed in a condenser. |
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Lever Rule Demonstrate how to use the lever rule on a Txy diagram. |
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Multi-condensable Species in VLE Demonstrates the use of Raoult's law to a system containing three components in the vapor phase in equilibrium with two condensable species in the liquid phase. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Raoult's Law Explanation Explains the shapes of the Pxy and the Txy diagrams for Raoult's law. |
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Add Non-Volatile Component to VLE System A component with a negligible vapor pressure is added to a two-phase N2/H2O system. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Add One Component to Binary VLE System Explain what happens when one component is added to a binary mixture in vapor-liquid equilibrium. |
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Condense a Binary Mixture Discuss which species condense when a binary vapor is cooled. |
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Phase Equilibrium: Txy Diagram A conceptual question investigating how the molar composition changes to a vapor-liquid equilibrium system as temperature is changed. |
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Binary Vapor: Partial Condensation Determine the fraction of binary vapor that condenses as the temperature decreases. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Bubble Point Calculation for Condenser Calculate the minimum pressure a condenser can operate to completely condense a binary vapor. |
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Dew Temperature Calculation/Excel Solver Determine the liquid composition and temperature using Excel solver, given the vapor composition and the pressure. |
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Pxy Diagram (Simulation) Uses an interactive Mathematica simulation to describe a pressure-mole fraction diagram (P-x-y) that is generated with Raoult's law. Behavior is discussed where the pressure is changed at constant overall composition and where the overall composition is changed at constant pressure. This simulation is available at: http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/LeverRuleAppliedToTheBenze... |
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Solving VLE Using Raoult's Law and Iterative Method Solver Shows how a computer solver is useful in solving for unknown temperature of a binary VLE system using Raoult's law and Antoine's equation. |
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Distillation of a Two Component Mixture (Part I) Example of a material balance on a distillation column used to separate two distinct streams, a vapor and a liquid phase. Both streams include recycle components back into the distillation column. |
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Distillation of a Two Component Mixture (Part II) A continuation of the Distillation Column problem focusing on the reboiler. Determine the operating temperature of the reboiler and the vapor composition recycled to the distillation column. |
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Gas Stripping (Henry and Raoult's Laws) An example of gas stripping using both Henry's law and Raoult's law as equations which help solve the system. |
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Solubility Introduction Introduces saturated and supersaturated solutions. Uses a solubility chart to determine the mass fraction of solute in solution. |
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Using Solubility Diagrams for Material Balances Uses a salt solubility diagram to determine concentrations of salt solute in water for a crystallizer material balance. |
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Interpolating Tie Lines on a Ternary Diagram Describes how to interpolate equilibrium tie lines on a ternary diagram. |
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Ternary Phase Diagram Basics (Simulation) Uses a simulation to show how ternary phase diagrams are interpreted. This is for a single phase, three component system. |
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Using a Triangular (Ternary) Phase Diagram A brief overview of using a triangular phase diagram for a tertiary system (acetone-water-MIBK). |
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VLLE for Immiscible Liquids A Txy diagram is used to explain phases present for vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium for 2 immiscible species. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Partial Pressure: Immiscible Liquids Determine the partial pressures of two species that are being condensed if the liquids are immiscible. |
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Triangular (Ternary) Phase Diagram Example Using a triangular phase diagram for a tertiary system, determine compositions of the outlet streams coming from a mixer. |
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Introduction to Energy An introduction to the first law and explanation of the terms in the energy balance. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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What is Enthalpy? Presents the definition of enthalpy, its differential, and its use in energy balances. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Adiabatic Compression of an Ideal Gas Calculates the adiabatic temperature for compression of an ideal gas, both reversibly and irreversibly. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Open and Closed Systems Gives the energy balance for both open and closed systems and compares the two. |
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Irreversible Adiabatic Expansion Energy balance on an ideal gas that undergoes irreversible, adiabatic expansion. |
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Energy Balance on a Human (BIO) Apply the first law to a human being "system." |
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Gas Expansion From a Tank An energy balance is used to determine the final temperature of an ideal gas that expands from a tank into a piston/cylinder. |
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Energy Balance on Open System (PAV Device) (BIO) Compare two biomedical devices for reducing work done by the heart. An energy balance is performed from the veins to the aorta. |
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How to Use Steam Tables Simple steam tables are introduced and differences between types of steam are presented. |
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Linear Interpolation Calculates saturated pressure by linear interpolation using information from the steam tables. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Advanced Interpolation Performs interpolation multiple times to calculate specific volume given pressure and temperature. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Introduction to Steam Tables Steam tables are used to solve two example problems: 1) density at critical point, 2), quality of liquid-vapor mixture. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Introduction to Steam Tables 2 Steam tables are used to solve two example problems: 1) throttle liquid water from high pressure, 2) heat liquid-vapor mixture at constant volume. |
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Steam Tables: Interpolation Example problems that calculate enthalpy of steam by interpolation of steam tables. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Steam Table Example Presents an example on how to use the steam tables to find enthalpy changes as well as volumetric flows of steam. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Quality of Steam Defines vapor quality and compares mass percent and volume percent of steam. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Steam Tables: Calculating Quality Calculates the quality of a two-phase water mixture in vapor-liquid equilibrium using steam tables. |
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Water Properties from Steam Tables Uses steam tables to determine properties of water. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Compare Steam Tables to Ideal Gas Law Calculates the volume of a gas using the ideal gas law and compares to the volume at the same conditions from the steam tables. |
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Energy Balance on a Heat Exchanger Performs an energy balance on a heat exchanger that has superheated steam fed to it. Uses the steam tables. |
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Throttle Example: High-Pressure Liquid Use steam tables to determine the outlet temperature when a high-pressure liquid is throttled to lower pressure. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Unsteady-State Energy Balance on a Tank Unsteady-state energy balance on a tank containing steam to which additional steam is added. Uses steam tables. |
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Bernoulli Equation Example Given a pipe system determine the height water would reach leaving the pipe. |
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Reference States for Enthalpy Calculations Explains reference states and shows how to use them in calculating enthalpy changes for a variety of systems. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Choosing a Reference State (Example) An example problem detailing the use of a reference state in determining the change in enthalpy of vapor system reaching equilibrium. |
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Sensible Heat from Specific Enthalpy Example using physical properties to perform sensible heat calculations. Calculates the heat required to increase the temperature of water vapor from 100C to 300C. |
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Psychrometric Charts (Humidity Charts) An overview on how to read the psychrometric charts for water/air systems. Some examples are given throughout the video. |
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Including a Phase Change in an Energy Balance Overview of sensible and latent heats and how to account for phase changes in energy balances. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Latent Heat Provides an overview of latent heat. Calculates the heat required to vaporize and condense 100 mol of water at 100C and atmospheric pressure. |
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Calculate Physical Properties using Humidity Charts Uses humidity charts to calculate the dew point and the wet bulb temperature of a system. |
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Humidity Chart Example Uses humidity chart to model a heating process. Obtains specific enthalpy, humid volume, and relative humidity values from the humidity charts. |
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Humidity Chart: Adiabatic Humidification Calculates the outlet temperature and rate of water evaporation in a spray chamber for an adiabatic cooling process using the humidity charts. |
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Energy Balance on a Condenser Calculates the cooling duty required to condense and cool acetone from 100C to 25C using an energy balance. Uses both sensible and latent heat to perform the calculation. |
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Adiabatic Mixing Calculates the outlet temperature of an adiabatic mixing process using enthalpy concentration diagrams. |
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Heat of Mixing Calculate heat of mixing when two solutions are mixed. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Isothermal Mixing Calculates the heat released during an isothermal mixing process using an enthalpy concentration diagram. |
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Heat of Reaction (from Heat of Formation) Determine the heat of reaction at a higher temperature from the heat of reaction at 25 °C. |
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Heat Removal from a Chemical Reactor Determines the heat removal so that a chemical reactor is isothermal. |
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Hess's Law Explains Hess's law and provides an example of how to use it to solve for the heat of reaction for an equation. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Heats of Formation An example problem using heats of reaction to determine the heat of formation of one of the reactants. |
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Heat of Combustion Uses Hess's law to show how heat of combustion is used to calculate the heat of reaction. |
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Thermochemistry of Solutions Calculates the heat of reaction for the neutralization of sulfuric acid with sodium hydroxide. |
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Calculating Enthalpy Changes Using Heats of Formation Method An example problem where the enthalpy change of a reaction is determined using the heats of formation method and material balances. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Calculating Enthalpy Changes Using Heat of Reaction Method An example problem where the enthalpy change of a reaction is determined using the heat of reaction method and material balances. |
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Energy Balances with Unknown Outlet Conditions Performs an energy balance to calculate the unknown outlet temperature. |
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Steam Reformer Material and Energy Balance Determine the outlet composition from a steam reforming reactor using both material and energy balances. |
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Adiabatic Flame Temperature Calculates the adiabatic flame temperature when butane burns in pure oxygen. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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Excel Solver Introduction Describes how to use the solver function in Excel 2010. |
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MEB Final Exam Review (Part I) Solves for the composition and dew point temperature of the product stream for a combustion reactor given excess air and fractional conversion. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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MEB Final Exam Review (Part II) Performs the energy balances for a combustion reactor using heat of formation method. |
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MEB Final Exam Review (Part II) A final exam review for Material & Energy Balances. Reviewed by faculty from other academic institutions. |
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MEB Final Exam Review (Part IV) Continues from MEB Final exam review part 3 for solving material balances on a distillation column. |