Heaven on Earth: The Rise and Fall of Socialism (2005) PBS

Hour 3: The Collapse (3/6)

GORBACHEV & REFORM

Mikhail Gorbachev confronts the violent past of Stalinism, but his efforts to bring a new openness to Soviet life have unintended consequences.



DENG XIAOPING & MODERNIZATION

In the 1980s, Deng de-collectivizes the communes that formed the soul of the Chinese Communist revolution. His reforms look suspiciously like capitalism.



GORBACHEV & REVOLUTION

Gorbachev's efforts to reform socialism in the Soviet Union unleash forces that unravel the State's control and lead to a complete transformation of the Communist world.



TONY BLAIR & NEW LABOUR

Blair transforms Attlee's socialist Labour Party into "the party of business."



THE FUTURE OF SOCIALISM

Socialists and capitalists debate the impact of the collapse of communism and the political reversals of Social Democratic parties across Europe. Some ask whether the very definition of socialism is changing.



THE KIBBUTZ PART III

Residents of Kibbutz Ginosar observe how market forces are transforming their community.



Source: http://www.pbs.org/heavenonearth/synopsis.html

This 3-hour documentary explores one of the most powerful political

ideas in history. Socialism spread farther and faster than any religion

Then, in almost the blink of an eye, it all collapsed. What happened?



HEAVEN ON EARTH: The Rise and Fall of Socialism

A Think Tank Special



A 3 hour documentary series produced by New River Media & BJW, Inc.



"Most of the people in the world today call the name of their dream Socialism."

- Michael Harrington, 1968



Much of the history of the past 200 years revolved around a single idea. It was the vision that life could be lived in peace and brotherhood if only property were shared by all and distributed equally, eliminating the source of greed, envy, poverty and strife. This idea was called "socialism" and it was man's most ambitious attempt to supplant religion with a doctrine grounded on science rather than revelation.



It became the most popular political idea in history. Its provenance was European, but it spread to China and Africa, India and Latin America and even to that most tradition-bound of regions, the Middle East. While it never fully took root in America, its influence shaped the nation's political debate. At its crest in the 1970s, roughly 60 percent of the earth's population lived under governments that espoused socialism in one form or another. Then, suddenly, it all collapsed.



Because its goal proved so elusive, the socialist movement split and split again into diverse, sometimes murderously contradictory forms. There was Social Democracy, which insisted that only peaceful and democratic means could produce a harmonious commonwealth. There was Communism, which extolled the resolute use of force and dictatorship to propel mankind to a new way of life. There was Arab Socialism, African Socialism, and other Third World variants that sought to amalgamate western Social Democracy and eastern Communism. There was even fascism, which turned the socialist idea on its head by substituting the brotherhood of nation and race for the brotherhood of class. And there were those - from early American settlers, to the "flower children" of the 1960s, to Israeli Zionist kibbutzniks - who built their own socialist communities, hoping to transform the world by the force of example.



As an idea that changed the way people thought, socialism's success was spectacular. As a critique of capitalism that helped spawn modern social safety nets and welfare states, its success was appreciable. As a model for the development of post-colonial states, the socialist model proved disappointing, fostering economic stagnation among millions of the world's poorest people. And in its most violent forms, socialism was calamitous, claiming scores of millions of lives and helping to make the twentieth century the bloodiest ever.



Through profiles of the individuals that brought socialism to life, HEAVEN ON EARTH tells the story of how an idea arose, evolved, changed the world, and eventually fell.



Source: PBS