It is of great importance that the ideas of ENERGY and MOMENTUM be clearly
distinguished and understood. Mathematically, momentum is M x V or MV.
Energy - more exactly kinetic energy - is 1/2 MV^. We need not worry here
where the 1/2 comes from. Momentum is the consequence of a force acting for
a time: F x t. Energy is the consequence of a force acting over a distance: ___
Thus it is with the two cars:
The force acting on both cars is the same. The force acts for the same time on both. The force acts for a greater distance on the little car and for a lesser distance on the bigger car.
Accordingly: The F x t is the same for both.
Therefore their momenta are equal. The F x S for the little car is greater than the F x s for the bigger car. Therefore their energies are UNequal.
We show an array of DEMONSTRATIONS bearing on ENERGY and MOMENTUM.

1 - On a curved track the ball can go no higher to a remote end than the height
from which it was released.

2 - We drive a nail into a block of wood. The energy delivered to the system
by the moving hammer is spent in splitting the wood and raising the temperature of the nail and the wood. Friction always produces heat.

3 - We demonstrate acoustic energy which arises from the mechanical energy
of my moving vocal cords.

4 - Thermal energy communicated to a kernel ,of corn makes it "pop" . The
expansion of the water in the corn is enormous.

5 - We rub a rod of bakelite (hard-rubber) with a piece of fur. This mechanical
work separates the electric charges and "creates" electrostatic energy.

6 - A pile-driver delivers the potential energy of the driver to the nail.

7 - A spring is compressed; potential energy is stored. This energy can push
a ball upward when the spring "recovers" .

8 - In shooting a gun we hold it tightly against the shoulder so the "kick"
less.

9 - A child's toy stores "elastic" energy in a wound-up rubber band. This
stored energy can drive the car backwards.

10 - A geared-wheel is turned by mechanical force. The energy thus stored can heat a metal to incandescence - that is - hot enough to emit light, Thus mechanical energy produces heat and light.

We show a likeness of Christiaan Huygens, a Dutchman, who contributed to our understanding of these things.

1. The Idea of the Center of Gravity
2. Newton's First Law of Motion: Inertia
3. Newton's Second Law of Motion: The Elevator Problem
4. Newton's Third Law of Motion: Momentum
5. Energy and Momentum
6. Concerning Falling Bodies & Projectiles
7. The Simple Pendulum and Other Oscillating Things
8. Adventures with Bernoulli: Bernoulli's Principle
9. Soap Bubbles and Soap Films
10. Atmospheric Pressure
11. Centrifugal Force and Other Strange Matters
12. The Strange Behavior of Rolling Things
13. Archimedes' Principle
14. Pascal's Principle: The Properties of Liquids
15. Levers, Inclines Planes, Geared-wheels and Other Machines
16. The Ideas of Heat and Temperature
17. Thermometric Properties and Processes
18. How to Produce Heat Energy
19. Thermal Expansion of Stuff: Solids
20. Thermal Expansion of Stuff: Gases & Liquids
21. The Strange Thermal Behavior of Ice and Water
22. Heat Energy Transfer by Conduction
23. Heat Energy Transfer by Convection
24. Heat Energy Transfer by Radiation
25. Evaporation, Boiling, Freezing: A Dramatic Adventure
26. Miscellaneous Adventures in Heat
27. The Drama in Real Cold Stuff: Liquid Nitrogen
28. The Physics of Toys: Mechanical
29. The Physics of Toys: Acoustic and Thermal
30. Waves: Kinds of Properties
31. Sound Waves: Sources of Sound & Pitch and Frequency
32. Vibrating Bars and Strings: The Phenomenon of Beats
33. Resonance: Forced Vibrations
34. Sounding Pipes
35. Vibrating Rods and Plates
36. Miscellaneous Adventures in Sound
37. Electrostatic Phenomena: Foundations of Electricity
38. Electrostatic Toys, Part 1
39. Electrostatic Toys, Part 2
40. Adventures with Electric Charges
41. Adventures in Magnetism
42. Ways to "Produce" Electricity
43. Properties and Effects of Electric Currents
44. Adventures in Electromagnetism
45. Further Adventures in Electromagnetism
46. Miscellaneous and Wondrous Things in E&M

Demonstrations in Physics was an educational science series produced in Australia by ABC Television in 1969. The series was hosted by American scientist Julius Sumner Miller, who demonstrated experiments involving various disciplines in the world of physics. The series was also released in the United States under the title Science Demonstrations.

This program was a series of 45 shows (approximately 15 minutes each) on various topics in physics, organized into 3 units: Mechanics; Heat and Temperature / Toys; and Waves and Sound / Electricity and Magnetism.