Introduction to Applied Complex Variables

Video Lectures

Displaying all 50 video lectures.
Lecture 1
Math 3160 introduction
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Math 3160 introduction
We describe the exegesis for complex numbers by detailing the broad goal of having a complete algebraic system, starting with natural numbers and broadening to integers, rationals, reals, to complex, to see how each expansion leads to greater completion of the algebra.
Lecture 2
Basic Complex Algebra
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Basic Complex Algebra
We define the basic algebraic properties of complex numbers, including sums, products, identities, inverses, and division.
Lecture 3
Moduli, conjugates, triangle inequality, and polar coordinates
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Moduli, conjugates, triangle inequality, and polar coordinates
We define important terminology and operations related to geometric properties of complex numbers.
Lecture 4
Products and quotients in exponential form
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Products and quotients in exponential form
We detail how polar or exponential form of complex numbers can aid in basic calculations in the complex plane.
Lecture 5
Roots of complex numbers
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Roots of complex numbers
We illustrate roots of z
Lecture 6
Functions of complex variables and mappings
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Functions of complex variables and mappings
We detail the basic structure of complex functions and go over examples of how functions map sets in the plane to image sets
Lecture 7
Regions in the complex plane
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Regions in the complex plane
We define useful terminology related to sets and properties of sets in the complex plane
Lecture 8
Mappings by the exponential function
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Mappings by the exponential function
We discuss the basics of the exponential function in the complex plane and how it maps sets.
Lecture 9
Limits of complex functions
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Limits of complex functions
we establish the definition of limits and go through several examples of how to establish limits in the complex plane
Lecture 10
Limits at infinity
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Limits at infinity
We explore the meaning and techniques to compute limits at infinity of a complex variable.
Lecture 11
The derivative of a complex function
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The derivative of a complex function
We define and compute examples of derivatives of complex functions and discuss aspects of derivatives in the complex plane
Lecture 12
Differentiation formulas for complex functions
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Differentiation formulas for complex functions
We state the standard differentiation rules for functions of a complex variable that will be familiar to any calculus student
Lecture 13
Cauchy-Riemann equations
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Cauchy-Riemann equations
We derive the condition for differentiability of complex functions to be the Cauchy-Riemann equations.
Lecture 14
Analytic functions
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Analytic functions
We define the meaning of analytic functions of a complex variable and use the Cauchy-Riemann equations to determine analyticity for examples.
Lecture 15
Harmonic functions and analytic functions
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Harmonic functions and analytic functions
We establish the relationship between real-valued harmonic functions and analytic functions of a complex variables and show how to create analytic functions out of harmonic conjugates
Lecture 16
The complex exponential and logarithm functions
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The complex exponential and logarithm functions
We go over the basics of exponentials and logs in the complex plane, and discuss the branches of the log function.
Lecture 17
Complex log identites
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Complex log identites
We go over standard identities of logarithm in the complex variable.
Lecture 18
The information in analytic functions
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The information in analytic functions
Without going into details, we describe that analytic functions can be "discovered" by knowing only values on a small subset of points within its domain. That is, the amount of information that creates f(z) is much smaller than the set of all correspondences that define the mapping.
Lecture 19
Applications to signal processing
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Applications to signal processing
We establish how complex variable tools can help characterize RLC circuit affects on inputs by characterizing amplifications in terms of complex moduli, and delays as phase shifts of the complex argument
Lecture 20
Applications of analytic functions to fluid flow
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Applications of analytic functions to fluid flow
We show how analytic functions represent steady state fluid flow solutions, where u is a fluid potential, and the level curves of v are the stream lines.
Lecture 21
Complex exponents
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Complex exponents
We describe how to compute complex numbers raised to a complex power and establish the power rule for derivatives of functions involving complex powers
Lecture 22
Complex trigonometric functions
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Complex trigonometric functions
We define and state basic properties of complex trigonometric and hyperbolic functions.
Lecture 23
Inverse trigonometric functions of a complex variable
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Inverse trigonometric functions of a complex variable
We derive inverse complex sine, and state standard identities of inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, including derivatives
Lecture 24
Derivatives and integrals of complex functions w(t)
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Derivatives and integrals of complex functions w(t)
We examine complex functions of a real variable w(t) and show how to take derivatives and integrals.
Lecture 25
Contours and arc length in the complex plane
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Contours and arc length in the complex plane
We define the basic terminology for contours in the plane as well as define the integral that computes the arc length of contours
Lecture 26
Contour integrals of complex functions
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Contour integrals of complex functions
We derive the contour integral of complex functions and give examples.
Lecture 27
Closed circle integral of 1/z and branch cuts
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Closed circle integral of 1/z and branch cuts
We examine integrals of z^n over closed circular contours and highlight the important issues involving integrations of functions requiring functions with branch cuts
Lecture 28
Moduli of complex integrals and integral bounds
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Moduli of complex integrals and integral bounds
We state the means of bounding the modulus of an complex integral using the triangle inequality and give an example of how the bounds are used in the practice of contour integral computation.
Lecture 29
Complex antiderivatives and the fundamental theorem
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Complex antiderivatives and the fundamental theorem
We illustrate the fundamental theorem of calculus for functions of a complex variable and give examples
Lecture 30
Proof of the antiderivative theorem for contour integrals
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Proof of the antiderivative theorem for contour integrals
We prove the main theorem for contour integrals using a multi-part proof.
Lecture 31
Cauchy-Goursat theorem
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Cauchy-Goursat theorem
We state and partially prove the theorem using Green's theorem, to show that analyticity of f implies independence of path, and antiderivatives exists for f.
Lecture 32
Simply and multiply connected domains
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Simply and multiply connected domains
We define simply and multiply connected domains as a property of sets and show how this property relates and extends the Cauchy-Goursat theorem.
Lecture 33
Cauchy integral formula
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Cauchy integral formula
We state the formula and show how it relates to the mean value property of harmonic functions, as well as prove it. We then give an example of how we can use it to compute specific difficult integrals very simply.
Lecture 34
Cauchy Integral Results
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Cauchy Integral Results
We use and extend the Cauchy integral formula to establish a host of results concerning analytic functions.
Lecture 35
The fundamental theorem of algebra revisited
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The fundamental theorem of algebra revisited
We specify why the FTA is relevant and important to studying signal processing and transfer functions using the Cauchy integral formula. NOTE, there is one misstatement in this video. For a general polynomial with complex coefficients, the roots do not necessarily come in conjugate pairs---the roots can be placed anywhere in the plane. Conjugate pair roots only arise when the coefficients are real.
Lecture 36
Harmonic oscilators in the complex plane (optional)
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Harmonic oscilators in the complex plane (optional)
We illustrate how to model a mass-spring system or an RC-circuit can be modeled simply as a differential equation of a complex variable. This result will be used to understand important aspects Schrodinger's equation, which we detail in later videos.
Lecture 37
How Schrodinger's equation works (optional)
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How Schrodinger's equation works (optional)
We take a purely mathematical approach to understanding the basic workings of Schrodinger's equation and show how it relates to harmonic oscillators. For concreteness and clarity, we avoid physical interpretations and its relation to quantum mechanics.

Also, apologies for mis-spelling Schrodinger as "Shrodinger" in the video title....
Lecture 38
Sequences and series involving complex variables
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Sequences and series involving complex variables
We define the basic definitions of sequences and series of complex variables and give some examples.
Lecture 39
Taylor series for functions of a complex variable
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Taylor series for functions of a complex variable
We state and prove Taylor's theorem using direct calculation, which is a direct result of Cauchy's integral formula. We then illustrate several example series.
Lecture 40
Laurent series
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Laurent series
We derive the Laurent series for functions that are non analytic at a point z_0 by utilizing the same technique as Taylor series, where we use the Cauchy integral formula. Because there is a point of non-analyticity, the contours form a multiply connected domain that yields additional terms beyond that of a standard Taylor series.
Lecture 41
Examples of Laurent series computations
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Examples of Laurent series computations
We go through several examples of how to compute Laurent series. This video is highlights how a number of our integral theorems come into play in order to study important functions like transfer functions.
Lecture 42
Aspects of complex power series convergence
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Aspects of complex power series convergence
We go over the major statements about convergence of complex power series but do not prove them.
Lecture 43
Singularities and residues of complex functions
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Singularities and residues of complex functions
We define and give example calculations of residues of complex functions
Lecture 44
The residue theorem
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The residue theorem
We state and prove the residue theorem and give examples.
Lecture 45
Residues at infinity
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Residues at infinity
NOTE: I made a sign error by misdescribing the orientation of the contour integral on the projected complex plane on the sphere. The correct identity is below:

Res_{z=infinity}(f) = -Res(f(1/z)/z^2).

Of course, the integral about the singularities the positive sign: integral_C f(z) dz = Res(f(1/z)/z^2).



When the contour integral encloses all the singularities of the function, one compute a single residue at infinity rather than use the standard residue theorem involving the sum of all the individual residues.
Lecture 46
Taxonomy of singularities of complex functions
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Taxonomy of singularities of complex functions
We define the three types of isolated singularities
Lecture 47
Aspects of zeros and poles of analytic functions
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Aspects of zeros and poles of analytic functions
We describe that analytic functions that are non-constant cannot have level curves in the plane.
Lecture 48
Zeros and poles of rational functions
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Zeros and poles of rational functions
We describe a way to compute residues of rational functions with simple poles.
Lecture 49
Applications of residues to improper real integration
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Applications of residues to improper real integration
We use the residue theorem and contour integral bounds to compute integrals of real variables that would otherwise be impossible.
Lecture 50
Fourier type integrals using residues
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Fourier type integrals using residues
We use the residue theorem and some analysis tools to compute Fourier transforms of certain common rational functions.