Introduction to Applied Complex Variables
Video Lectures
Displaying all 50 video lectures.
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Math 3160 introduction We describe the exegesis for complex numbers by detailing the broad goal of having a complete algebraic system, starting with natural numbers and broadening to integers, rationals, reals, to complex, to see how each expansion leads to greater completion of the algebra. |
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Basic Complex Algebra We define the basic algebraic properties of complex numbers, including sums, products, identities, inverses, and division. |
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Moduli, conjugates, triangle inequality, and polar coordinates We define important terminology and operations related to geometric properties of complex numbers. |
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Products and quotients in exponential form We detail how polar or exponential form of complex numbers can aid in basic calculations in the complex plane. |
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Roots of complex numbers We illustrate roots of z |
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Functions of complex variables and mappings We detail the basic structure of complex functions and go over examples of how functions map sets in the plane to image sets |
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Regions in the complex plane We define useful terminology related to sets and properties of sets in the complex plane |
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Mappings by the exponential function We discuss the basics of the exponential function in the complex plane and how it maps sets. |
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Limits of complex functions we establish the definition of limits and go through several examples of how to establish limits in the complex plane |
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Limits at infinity We explore the meaning and techniques to compute limits at infinity of a complex variable. |
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The derivative of a complex function We define and compute examples of derivatives of complex functions and discuss aspects of derivatives in the complex plane |
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Differentiation formulas for complex functions We state the standard differentiation rules for functions of a complex variable that will be familiar to any calculus student |
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Cauchy-Riemann equations We derive the condition for differentiability of complex functions to be the Cauchy-Riemann equations. |
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Analytic functions We define the meaning of analytic functions of a complex variable and use the Cauchy-Riemann equations to determine analyticity for examples. |
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Harmonic functions and analytic functions We establish the relationship between real-valued harmonic functions and analytic functions of a complex variables and show how to create analytic functions out of harmonic conjugates |
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The complex exponential and logarithm functions We go over the basics of exponentials and logs in the complex plane, and discuss the branches of the log function. |
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Complex log identites We go over standard identities of logarithm in the complex variable. |
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The information in analytic functions Without going into details, we describe that analytic functions can be "discovered" by knowing only values on a small subset of points within its domain. That is, the amount of information that creates f(z) is much smaller than the set of all correspondences that define the mapping. |
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Applications to signal processing We establish how complex variable tools can help characterize RLC circuit affects on inputs by characterizing amplifications in terms of complex moduli, and delays as phase shifts of the complex argument |
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Applications of analytic functions to fluid flow We show how analytic functions represent steady state fluid flow solutions, where u is a fluid potential, and the level curves of v are the stream lines. |
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Complex exponents We describe how to compute complex numbers raised to a complex power and establish the power rule for derivatives of functions involving complex powers |
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Complex trigonometric functions We define and state basic properties of complex trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. |
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Inverse trigonometric functions of a complex variable We derive inverse complex sine, and state standard identities of inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, including derivatives |
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Derivatives and integrals of complex functions w(t) We examine complex functions of a real variable w(t) and show how to take derivatives and integrals. |
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Contours and arc length in the complex plane We define the basic terminology for contours in the plane as well as define the integral that computes the arc length of contours |
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Contour integrals of complex functions We derive the contour integral of complex functions and give examples. |
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Closed circle integral of 1/z and branch cuts We examine integrals of z^n over closed circular contours and highlight the important issues involving integrations of functions requiring functions with branch cuts |
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Moduli of complex integrals and integral bounds We state the means of bounding the modulus of an complex integral using the triangle inequality and give an example of how the bounds are used in the practice of contour integral computation. |
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Complex antiderivatives and the fundamental theorem We illustrate the fundamental theorem of calculus for functions of a complex variable and give examples |
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Proof of the antiderivative theorem for contour integrals We prove the main theorem for contour integrals using a multi-part proof. |
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Cauchy-Goursat theorem We state and partially prove the theorem using Green's theorem, to show that analyticity of f implies independence of path, and antiderivatives exists for f. |
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Simply and multiply connected domains We define simply and multiply connected domains as a property of sets and show how this property relates and extends the Cauchy-Goursat theorem. |
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Cauchy integral formula We state the formula and show how it relates to the mean value property of harmonic functions, as well as prove it. We then give an example of how we can use it to compute specific difficult integrals very simply. |
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Cauchy Integral Results We use and extend the Cauchy integral formula to establish a host of results concerning analytic functions. |
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The fundamental theorem of algebra revisited We specify why the FTA is relevant and important to studying signal processing and transfer functions using the Cauchy integral formula. NOTE, there is one misstatement in this video. For a general polynomial with complex coefficients, the roots do not necessarily come in conjugate pairs---the roots can be placed anywhere in the plane. Conjugate pair roots only arise when the coefficients are real. |
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Harmonic oscilators in the complex plane (optional) We illustrate how to model a mass-spring system or an RC-circuit can be modeled simply as a differential equation of a complex variable. This result will be used to understand important aspects Schrodinger's equation, which we detail in later videos. |
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How Schrodinger's equation works (optional) We take a purely mathematical approach to understanding the basic workings of Schrodinger's equation and show how it relates to harmonic oscillators. For concreteness and clarity, we avoid physical interpretations and its relation to quantum mechanics. Also, apologies for mis-spelling Schrodinger as "Shrodinger" in the video title.... |
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Sequences and series involving complex variables We define the basic definitions of sequences and series of complex variables and give some examples. |
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Taylor series for functions of a complex variable We state and prove Taylor's theorem using direct calculation, which is a direct result of Cauchy's integral formula. We then illustrate several example series. |
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Laurent series We derive the Laurent series for functions that are non analytic at a point z_0 by utilizing the same technique as Taylor series, where we use the Cauchy integral formula. Because there is a point of non-analyticity, the contours form a multiply connected domain that yields additional terms beyond that of a standard Taylor series. |
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Examples of Laurent series computations We go through several examples of how to compute Laurent series. This video is highlights how a number of our integral theorems come into play in order to study important functions like transfer functions. |
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Aspects of complex power series convergence We go over the major statements about convergence of complex power series but do not prove them. |
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Singularities and residues of complex functions We define and give example calculations of residues of complex functions |
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The residue theorem We state and prove the residue theorem and give examples. |
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Residues at infinity NOTE: I made a sign error by misdescribing the orientation of the contour integral on the projected complex plane on the sphere. The correct identity is below: Res_{z=infinity}(f) = -Res(f(1/z)/z^2). Of course, the integral about the singularities the positive sign: integral_C f(z) dz = Res(f(1/z)/z^2). When the contour integral encloses all the singularities of the function, one compute a single residue at infinity rather than use the standard residue theorem involving the sum of all the individual residues. |
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Taxonomy of singularities of complex functions We define the three types of isolated singularities |
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Aspects of zeros and poles of analytic functions We describe that analytic functions that are non-constant cannot have level curves in the plane. |
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Zeros and poles of rational functions We describe a way to compute residues of rational functions with simple poles. |
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Applications of residues to improper real integration We use the residue theorem and contour integral bounds to compute integrals of real variables that would otherwise be impossible. |
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Fourier type integrals using residues We use the residue theorem and some analysis tools to compute Fourier transforms of certain common rational functions. |