Gauge theory.

Phase transformation of a complex wave function.

The electromagnetic vector potential appears in the covariant derivative.

The Action for the relativistic wave equation is invariant under a phase (gauge) transformation.

The electromagnetic field tensor is gauge invariant.

1. Inertial Reference Frames
2. Principle of Least Action
3. Invariance of the Laws of Nature
4. Lagrangian Mechanics
5. Conservation of Charge and Momentum
6. Relativistic Wave Equation and Conservation Laws
7. Invariance under Gauge Transformations
8. Gauge Theory

This Stanford Continuing Studies course is the second of a six-quarter sequence of classes exploring the essential theoretical foundations of modern physics. The topics covered in this course focus on quantum mechanics. The course is taught by Leonard Susskind, the Felix Bloch Professor of Physics at Stanford University.