Of all the diseases studied in this course, malaria has been responsible for the most human suffering. It has evolved alongside humans, and impacted human biology as well as civilization. In the former case, this impact is evident in genetic diseases like sickle-cell anemia which, while increasing vulnerability to a host of other illnesses, has the advantage of conferring substantial resistance to malaria. In social terms, malaria's debilitating sequelae have resulted in a reciprocal cycle of poverty and infection, low productivity and the desertion of profitable land weakening societies' ability to combat the disease and ultimately reinforcing a division between the global North (where malaria was eradicated following the Second World War) and the South, where the disease persists.

Reading assignment:
Snowden, The Conquest of Malaria

1. Introduction to the Course
2. Classical Views of Disease: Hippocrates, Galen, and Humoralism
3. Plague (I): Pestilence as Disease
4. Plague (II): Responses and Measures
5. Plague (III): Illustrations and Conclusions
6. Smallpox (I): 'The Speckled Monster'
7. Smallpox (II): Jenner, Vaccination, and Eradication
8. Nineteenth-Century Medicine: The Paris School of Medicine
9. Asiatic Cholera (I): Personal Reflections
10. Asiatic Cholera (II): Five Pandemics
11. The Sanitary Movement and the 'Filth Theory of Disease'
12. Syphilis: From the "Great Pox" to the Modern Version
13. Contagionism versus Anticontagionsim
14. The Germ Theory of Disease
15. Tropical Medicine as a Discipline
16. Malaria (I): The Case of Italy
17. Malaria (II): The Global Challenge
18. Tuberculosis (I): The Era of Consumption
19. Tuberculosis (II): After Robert Koch
20. Pandemic Influenza
21. The Tuskegee Experiment
22. AIDS (I)
23. AIDS (II)
24. Poliomyelitis: Problems of Eradication
25. SARS, Avian Inluenza, and Swine Flu: Lessons and Prospects
26. Final Q&A

This course consists of an international analysis of the impact of epidemic diseases on western society and culture from the bubonic plague to HIV/AIDS and the recent experience of SARS and swine flu. Leading themes include: infectious disease and its impact on society; the development of public health measures; the role of medical ethics; the genre of plague literature; the social reactions of mass hysteria and violence; the rise of the germ theory of disease; the development of tropical medicine; a comparison of the social, cultural, and historical impact of major infectious diseases; and the issue of emerging and re-emerging diseases.

Course Structure:
This Yale College course, taught on campus twice per week for 50 minutes, was recorded for Open Yale Courses in Spring 2010.